How to do a hard refresh in Chrome/Edge, Firefox, and IE?

Modern browsers are designed to optimize web pages using cache to make surfing experiences as smooth as possible. However, sometimes caching certain elements of a web page can cause the page to work incorrectly. Alternatively, if you are making changes to a page, they won’t be displayed if you simply refresh it. This is where a hard refresh can really come in handy.
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A hard refresh is a way of clearing the browser's cache for a specific page to force it to load the most recent version of a page. Having made a hard refresh, you can be sure that you are checking the exact content that is hosted on your server.
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Below, you can find various ways of performing a hard refresh in different browsers.
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Chrome / Edge Browser

You can use one of the following options to perform a hard refresh on the Windows/Linux Operating System:
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1. Hold down Ctrl and click the Reload button.
2. Hold down Ctrl and press F5.
3. Hold down Ctrl + Shift and press R.
4. Open Chrome dev tools by press F12 and right-click the Reload button. Then, click the Hard Reload. See below:
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The following solutions can be used for macOS:
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1. Hold Shift and click the Reload button.
2. Hold down Command and Shift. Then, press R.

Mozilla Firefox and Related Browsers

Below you can find several options to do a hard refresh with the Windows/Linux Operating System:
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1. Hold down Ctrl and press F5.
2. Hold down Ctrl + Shift and press R.
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The following solutions can be used for MacOS:
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1. Hold Shift and click the Reload button.
2. Hold down Command and Shift. Then, press R.
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Internet Explorer Browser

If you use Internet Explorer, these alternatives should be suitable for you.
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1. Hold down Ctrl and tap F5.
2. Hold down Ctrl and click the Reload button.